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In this lesson, you will learn how to use the Japanese grammar Verb ない-form (動詞ない形).
What is Verb ないform?
There are many forms of verb conjugation, and the ないform is one of them.
The verb form conjugated to "ます" is called "ます-form(ます形)".
The verb form conjugated to "ない" is called "ない-form(ない形)".
Today we are going to study how to conjugate verbs from the "ますform(ます形) " to the “ない form(ない形(けい)).”
⚠Before studying “ない-form(ない形)”, please review if you have forgotten about verb groups.
・💁Explanation of Verb Groups ↓↓
<Group Ⅰ (Ⅰグループ)>
Group 1: "-i-masu" is changed to "-a+nai".
To remove "ます" and change the letter "いcolumn " before "ます" to "あcolumn" and add "ない".
e.g. 行きます(いきます)⇒行かない(いかない)
読みます(よみます)⇒読まない(よまない)
遊びます(あそびます)⇒遊ばない(あそばない)
話します(はなします)⇒話さない(はなさない)
When "い" comes before "ます", it becomes "わ" instead of "あ".
e.g. 買います(かいます)⇒買わない(かわない)
会います(あいます)⇒会わない(あわない)
The "ない form(ない形)" of "あります" is "ない".
あります ⇒ ない
<Group Ⅱ Verbs (Ⅱグループ)>
Group 2: Change "ます" to "ない".
To remove "ます" and add "ない" at the end.
e.g. 食べます(たべます)⇒食べない(たべない)
寝ます(ねます)⇒寝ない(ねない)
見ます(みます)⇒見ない(みない)
借ります(かります)⇒借りない(かりない)
<Group Ⅲ Verbs (Ⅲグループ)>
Group 3: "来ない(こない)" and "しない"
"来ます(きます)" becomes "来ない(こない)" and "します" becomes "しない".
e.g. 来ます(きます)⇒来ない(こない)
します ⇒ しない
勉強します(べんきょうします)⇒勉強しない(べんきょうしない)
掃除します(そうじします)⇒掃除しない(そうじしない)
Suggested Study Material
Minna no Nihongo I (Main Textbook)
This grammar point appears in Minna no Nihongo(Lesson ), one of the most widely used beginner textbooks for Japanese learners.
Check textbook detailsThe main textbook is written mostly in Japanese, so many learners also use the Translation & Grammar Notes together.
Minna no Nihongo I – Translation & Grammar Notes (English)
Check translation & grammar book※Minna no Nihongo is available worldwide on Amazon. If the link does not work in your country, you can search the title on your local Amazon store.
Speaking Practice
Practice Japanese on italki
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