Japanese Grammar: ~とき (toki) – When / Time Expression | JLPT N5

2025年5月7日水曜日

Elementary grammar

In this lesson, you will learn how to use the Japanese grammar ~とき (toki).

You have come to Japan and want to eat delicious ramen.
So you decide to ask your friends who like ramen.
What should you say?


Where should I go when I want to eat tasty ramen?

Today, let’s learn how to use ~とき.


Meaning of ~とき

~とき is used to indicate the time when an action or event happens. It connects a situation with the time it occurs.


When I want to eat tasty ramen, where should I go?


Form of ~とき

The form of ~とき depends on the word that comes before it.

い-adjective

Positive:
~いとき

Negative:
~くないとき

な-adjective

Positive:
~なとき

Negative:
~じゃないとき

Noun

Positive:
~のとき

Negative:
~じゃないとき

Verb

Positive:
Verb じしょform + とき

Negative:
Verb ない form + とき

💁 To use ~とき correctly, it is important to understand the difference between ~るとき and ~たとき. You can learn more about it here:


Examples of ~とき

1.
When I have free time, I read books.

2.
When I went shopping, I met Mr. Kimura.

3.
When I speak Japanese, I get nervous.

4.
When I don’t know the way, I use Google Maps.

5.
When I’m lonely, I call my friends.

6.
When the weather is good, I go for a walk.

7.
When you are not busy at work, please tidy up your desk.

8.
When the room is clean, I can relax.

9.
When my grandmother is well, she jogs every day.

10.
When I was a child, I really liked dinosaurs.

11.
During an earthquake, please hide under a desk.

12.
When it is not a holiday, the trains are not very crowded.