Hello and welcome to Nihongoいちにのさん!!
Let's study Japanese grammar together.
Let's study Japanese grammar together.
〜とき、・・・。②
We have learned about "〜とき".
Today let's learn about the defference between "〜るとき（じしょform＋とき）" and "〜たとき（たform＋とき）".
👉<〜るとき（じしょform＋とき）>
When the situation described following "とき" occurs, if the situation described before "とき" has not yet been completed, the construction "〜るとき (じしょform + とき)" is used.
Let me explain with the example below.
e.g.1 会社へ行くとき、コンビニでコーヒーを買います。
The situation described following "とき" :
"コンビニでコーヒーを買います( I buy coffee at a convenience store.)"
The situation described following "とき" :
"コンビニでコーヒーを買います( I buy coffee at a convenience store.)"
The situation described before "とき":
"会社へ行く( I go to the office.)"
"会社へ行く( I go to the office.)"
The action of "buying coffee at a convenience store" occurs during the process of "going to the office."
In other words, the action of "going to the office" is not yet complete at the point when "buying coffee at a convenience store" takes place.
Therefore, in this example sentence, the "じしょform" of the verb "行く" is used.
In other words, the action of "going to the office" is not yet complete at the point when "buying coffee at a convenience store" takes place.
Therefore, in this example sentence, the "じしょform" of the verb "行く" is used.
e.g.2 うちへ帰るとき、このケーキを買いました。
The situation described following "とき" :
"このケーキを買いました ( I bought this cake.)"
"このケーキを買いました ( I bought this cake.)"
The situation described before "とき":
"うちへ帰る( I go home.)"
"うちへ帰る( I go home.)"
The action of "buying this cake" occured during the process of "going home."
In other words, the action of "going home" was not yet complete at the point when "buying this cake" took place.
Therefore, in this example sentence, the "じしょform" of the verb "帰る" is used.
※In e.g.2, note that although the form before "とき" is the dictionary form, both "going home" and "buying this cake" refer to past events.
In other words, the action of "going home" was not yet complete at the point when "buying this cake" took place.
Therefore, in this example sentence, the "じしょform" of the verb "帰る" is used.
※In e.g.2, note that although the form before "とき" is the dictionary form, both "going home" and "buying this cake" refer to past events.
👉<〜たとき（たform＋とき）>
When the situation described following "とき" occurs, if the situation described before "とき" has already been completed, the construction "〜たとき (たform + とき)" is used.
Let me explain with the example below.
e.g.1 来週北海道へ行ったとき、おいしいチョコレートを買います。
The situation described following "とき" :
"おいしいチョコレートを買います( I'll buy some delicious chocolate.)"
"おいしいチョコレートを買います( I'll buy some delicious chocolate.)"
The situation described before "とき":
"来週北海道へ行きます ( I'm going to Hokkaido next week.)"
The action of "buying delicious chocolate" occurs after the action of "going to Hokkaido next week" has been completed and after arriving in Hokkaido.
In other words, the action of "going to Hokkaido next week" is already completed by the point of "buying delicious chocolate."
"来週北海道へ行きます ( I'm going to Hokkaido next week.)"
The action of "buying delicious chocolate" occurs after the action of "going to Hokkaido next week" has been completed and after arriving in Hokkaido.
In other words, the action of "going to Hokkaido next week" is already completed by the point of "buying delicious chocolate."
Therefore, in this example sentence, the "たform" of the verb "行った" is used.
※In e.g.1, note that although the form before "とき" is the たform, both "going to Hokkaido" and "buying delicious chocolate" refer to future events.
e.g.2 先月国へ帰ったとき、友達に会いました。
The situation described following "とき" :
"友達に会いました ( I met friends.)"
"友達に会いました ( I met friends.)"
The situation described before "とき":
"先月国へ帰りました( I went back to my home country last month.)"
"先月国へ帰りました( I went back to my home country last month.)"
The action of "meeting friends" occurs after the action of "going back to my home country" has been completed and after arriving in home country.
In other words, the action of "going back to my home country" is already completed by the point of "meeting friends."
In other words, the action of "going back to my home country" is already completed by the point of "meeting friends."
Therefore, in this example sentence, the "たform" of the verb "帰った" is used.
👉<〜たとき（たform＋とき）>
1. 山に登るとき、水をたくさん持っていきます。
When I climb a mountain, I bring a lot of water.
When I climb a mountain, I bring a lot of water.
2. 料理をするとき、かならず手を洗います。
When I cook, I always wash my hands.
3. 海外に行くとき、パスポートを忘れないでください。
When you go abroad, please don’t forget your passport.
4. 高校を卒業するとき、クラスメイトと写真を撮りました。
When I graduated high school, I took photos with my classmates.
5. 空港に行くとき、タクシーを使いました。
When I went to the airport, I took a taxi.
6. 疲れたとき、少し休みます。
When you’re tired, I take a short rest.
7. 道に迷ったとき、スマホの地図を使います。
8. 困ったとき、いつも両親に相談します。
When I'm in trouble, I always talk to my parents.
When I'm in trouble, I always talk to my parents.
9. パソコンが壊れたとき、田中さんが直してくれました。
When my computer broke, Ms. Tanaka fixed it for me.
10. 旅行へ行ったとき、たくさんの写真を撮りました。
When I went on a trip, I took a lot of photos.
