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Japanese Grammar: ~たら (tara) – If / Conditional | JLPT N4

2024年7月11日木曜日

Elementary grammar

In this lesson, you will learn how to use the Japanese grammar ~たら (tara).

You are going hiking with friends for the weekend. The weather forecast says there is a 30% chance of rain. If it rains, you would like to suggest that you cancel the hike and watch a movie. What would you say in Japanese in this situation? In such a case, you could say something like this: "雨が降ったら、映画を見に行きませんか(あめがふったら、えいがをみにいきませんか)。"


Meaning of ~たら

~たら is used to say that if A happens, then B will happen or B will be done. It is used for hypothetical or uncertain conditions.



If it rains, why don't we go see a movie?

Form of ~たら

In all cases, ~たら is made by adding to the past plain form (ふつう形).

動詞 Verb

Positive:
〜ます→〜たら

Negative:
〜ません→〜なかったら

い形容詞 いadjective

Positive:
〜いです→〜かったら

Negative:
〜くないです→〜くなかったら

な形容詞 な-adjective / 名詞 Noun

Positive:
〜です→〜だったら

Negative:
〜じゃありません→〜じゃなかったら

💁To use ~たら correctly, you need to understand the Japanese plain form (ふつう形). You can learn more about it here:


Examples of ~たら

1.
If you have time on Sunday, why don't we go out for dinner?

2.
If this experiment is successful, I can write a report.

3.
If you do not know how to use it, please ask Mr. Yamada.

4.
If you do not pass this exam, you will not be admitted to the university.

5.
If it is hot, you can turn on the air conditioner.

6.
If this book is interesting, I will give it to my friend for her birthday.

7.
If I am not too busy, I will travel next month.

8.
If preparing for the meeting is difficult, shall I help you?

9.
If my friend is not well, I will be worried.

10.
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home.

11.
If I were rich, I would like to collect expensive cars.

12.
If you are a student, the fee is 1,000 yen. If you are not a student, it is 2,000 yen.


Using もし with ~たら

The adverb もし is sometimes used with ~たら to emphasize the condition, but it is not required.


Another Use of ~たら

For another use of ~たら, please see the explanation of ~たら② (Definite Condition) below.


FAQ: Common Questions about ~たら

Q1. Is ~たら a past tense form?

Although ~たら uses the past plain form, it does not mean past tense.

The past form is used to show that the condition happens first, and then the result happens afterward.


If you have time tomorrow, please contact me.

In this sentence, the action is about the future, not the past.

Q2. In what situations is ~たら commonly used?

~たら is often used when making suggestions, requests, or invitations.


If it's sunny on Saturday, why don't we go see the cherry blossoms?


If you have any questions, feel free to ask anytime.