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Japanese Grammar: N1は N2に あります/います|Location & Position|JLPT N5

2022年11月14日月曜日

Elementary grammar N5

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In this lesson, you will learn how to use the Japanese grammar ~は~にあります/います.

You’ve come to the aquarium. You need to use the restroom, but you don’t know where it is. There’s a staff member nearby, so let’s ask them.
Here’s what you can say in this situation: “すみません、トイレはどこにありますか。"

Today let's learn about "~は~にあります/います".


👉<Use>

We have learned that “~に~が あります” and “~に~が います” indicate existence.

When the thing or person is the topic, the subject is indicated by "は" rather than "が."

For a word to serve as the topic of a sentence, both the speaker and the listener must understand what that word refers to.
For example, this applies when asking or answering questions about the location of objects or people.

すみません、トイレはどこにありますか。" means "Excuse me, where is the restroom?"

This grammar point is also introduced in beginner textbooks. If you want to review grammar more systematically, having one good textbook really helps:

▶︎ Minna no Nihongo I (Main Textbook)

▶︎ Minna no Nihongo I – Translation & Grammar Notes (English)

👉<Form>

The subject object or person is indicated at the very beginning of the sentence by the particle "は".

The noun indicating the location of the subject—whether an object or a person—follows the subject and is marked by the particle “に.”

Noun+は + Noun(place)に + あります/います

When answering a question, the subject is usually omitted because the topic is clear.

Q:Where is the restroom?

A:It is on the second floor.

To indicate the position or direction

Words indicating position or direction are placed after the noun denoting a location using the particle “に”.
In such cases, the noun denoting the place is indicated by the particle “の”.

Noun+は + Noun(place)の + Noun(position)に + あります/います

Q:Where is the house key?

 A:It is on the table.


👉<Examples>

 Q:Where is the rubbish bin?

 A:It's over there.

 Q:Where is Ms. Tanaka?

 A:She is in the office.

Q:Where is the ATM?

 A:It is in the convenience store.

Q:Where is Mr.Wang?

 A:He is in the classroom.

(In the introduction of a town)

My hometown is Sapporo. Sapporo is located in Hokkaido.

(While looking at the photos)

This person is my older brother. He is in Germany now.

 Q:Where are the eggs?

 A:They are in the refrigerator.

 Q:Where is Ms. Kato?

 A:She is in front of the bookstore.

 My country is Korea. Korea is west of Japan.

Speaking Practice

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Suggested Study Material

Minna no Nihongo I (Main Textbook)

This grammar point appears in Minna no Nihongo(Lesson10), one of the most widely used beginner textbooks for Japanese learners.

Check textbook details

The main textbook is written mostly in Japanese, so many learners also use the Translation & Grammar Notes together.

Minna no Nihongo I – Translation & Grammar Notes (English)

Check translation & grammar book

※Minna no Nihongo is available worldwide on Amazon. If the link does not work in your country, you can search the title on your local Amazon store.