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Japanese Grammar: ~てください(Vて-form + ください)|Requests, Instructions & Invitations|JLPT N5

2022年11月15日火曜日

Elementary grammar N5

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In this lesson, you will learn how to use the Japanese grammar ~てください.

You wanted to take notes, but you forgot your pen. You’d like to borrow one from the person sitting next to you.
Here’s what you can say in this situation: “すみません、ペンを貸してください。(すみません、ペンを かしてください。)"

Today let's learn about "~てください".


👉<Form>

To add "ください" to the "て(te) form of the verb(動詞て形)".

Verb てform + ください

💁 Explanation of the Verb て-form is available here:


👉<Use>

This sentence pattern is used to request, instruct, or invite the other person to do an action.

To Requset

This is used in situations where the speaker wants the listener to take an action that benefits the speaker.

The scene in the first example fits the request.

"ペンを貸してください" means "Excuse me, (but) please lend me a pen.(Excuse me, (but) can I borrow a pen?)".

”~てください" is not very polite as a form of request. When asking for something, "すみません(が)" can be added to make it more polite.

When you are requested to something, and you accept it, you should answer "はい/ええ、いいですよ” .

A:Excuse me, (but) can I borrow a pen?

B:Yes, that's fine. Here you go.

A:Thank you very much.

If you want to refuse the request, you should say “すみません”. When refusing the request, it is more polite to give the reason.

 A:Excuse me, (but) can I borrow a pen?

 B:Oh, sorry. I'm using it right now.

 A:I see. I understand.

To Instruct

This is used when giving instructions to the listener, such as from a teacher to a student or from a supervisor to a subordinate.

Please hand in your homework.

To Iinvite

When recommending the listener to do something, "~てください" is also used. Adding "どうぞ" makes it more polite.

 A:This cake looks delicious.

 B:I made it this morning. Please eat it.

 A:Thank you very much.

This grammar point is also introduced in beginner textbooks. If you want to review grammar more systematically, having one good textbook really helps:

▶︎ Minna no Nihongo I (Main Textbook)

▶︎ Minna no Nihongo I – Translation & Grammar Notes (English)


👉<Examples>

To Requset

Excuse me, (but) can you hand me the salt there?

Excuse me, (but) can you tell me how to read this kanji?

Excuse me, please wait a moment.

Please close the door.

Please speak slowly.

To Instruct

Please write your name and address here.

Please clean the room.

Please stand in line.

Please be quiet.

Please look forward.

Please turn right.

To Iinvite

Please go home safely.

Please sit here.

Please come visit my house.

Please use this tissue.

A:It's a beautiful picture.

 B:Please take your time to look at it.

 A:Thank you very much.

Video Explanation

 

Speaking Practice

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If you want to practice this grammar in real conversation, learning with a tutor can help you improve faster. Many learners find that regular speaking practice is the fastest way to become confident in Japanese.

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Suggested Study Material

Minna no Nihongo I (Main Textbook)

This grammar point appears in Minna no Nihongo(Lesson14), one of the most widely used beginner textbooks for Japanese learners.

Check textbook details

The main textbook is written mostly in Japanese, so many learners also use the Translation & Grammar Notes together.

Minna no Nihongo I – Translation & Grammar Notes (English)

Check translation & grammar book

※Minna no Nihongo is available worldwide on Amazon. If the link does not work in your country, you can search the title on your local Amazon store.