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Japanese Grammar: もうVました/まだです|Already / Not Yet|JLPT N5

2022年11月12日土曜日

Elementary grammar N5

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In this lesson, you will learn how to use the Japanese grammar もう~ました.

You’re thinking of inviting a coworker to lunch. But it's 12:00 right now. Your coworker might have already eaten lunch. Let’s ask them if they’ve eaten yet.
Here’s what you can say in this situation: “もう昼ごはんを食べましたか(もう ひるごはんを たべましたか)。"

Today let's learn about "もう~ました".


👉<Use>

We have learned “~ました” which is used to express the past.

"もう~ました"is used to indicate the completion of an action.

When asking whether or not the action has been completed, we use “もう~ましたか"

もう昼ごはんを食べましたか。" means "Have you had lunch yet?"

This grammar point is also introduced in beginner textbooks. If you want to review grammar more systematically, having one good textbook really helps:

▶︎ Minna no Nihongo I (Main Textbook)

▶︎ Minna no Nihongo I – Translation & Grammar Notes (English)

👉<Form>

"もう(mou)" is used with "Verb ました"

もう + Vました

When answering, if the action has already been completed (i.e., in the affirmative), use "はい、もう~ました".

Q:Have you already eaten lunch?

 A:Yes, I have already eaten.

If the action has not been completed (i.e., for a negative response),use "いいえ、まだです”.

Q:Have you already eaten lunch?

 A:No, not yet.

When it is clear from the context or situation that the sentence indicates completion and there is no need for emphasis, "もう" is often omitted, and in many cases it is simply said, "~ました.”

(A Conversation at 1:00 PM)

Q:Have you eaten lunch?

 A:Yes, I have. / No, I haven't yet.

More advanced ways to express a negative response

If the action has not been completed, you can also use "いいえ、まだ Vてform+いません".

Q:Have you eaten lunch?

 A:No, I haven't had it yet.


👉<Examples>

Q:Have you already done your homework?

  A:Yes, I have already done it.

Q:Have you bought a new computer?

  A:Yes, I have already bought one.

Q:Has the work already finished?

  A:Yes, it has already finished.

Q:Has Mr. Yamada already gone home?

 A:No, not yet.

Q:Have you already made the copies?

 A:No, not yet.

Q:Have you already taken a bath?

 A:No, not yet.

Q:Have you already sent an email to Mr./Ms. Suzuki?

 A:No, I haven't sent it yet.

Q:Have you already cleaned your room?

 A:No, I haven't done it yet.

A:I'm going to Hiroshima by bus next week.

 B:I see. Have you bought the bus ticket?

 A:Yes, I have.

 A:I am a fan of the anime "King."

  B:I see. Have you seen the new "King" movie?

  A:No, I haven't seen it yet. I will watch it next week.

Recommended Reading

Best Japanese Textbooks for Beginners

Want to learn Japanese grammar more systematically?   This guide compares Genki, Minna no Nihongo, Japanese From Zero, and other popular beginner textbooks.

Read the Guide →

Suggested Study Material

Minna no Nihongo I (Main Textbook)

This grammar point appears in Minna no Nihongo(Lesson6), one of the most widely used beginner textbooks for Japanese learners.

Check textbook details

The main textbook is written mostly in Japanese, so many learners also use the Translation & Grammar Notes together.

Minna no Nihongo I – Translation & Grammar Notes (English)

Check translation & grammar book

※Minna no Nihongo is available worldwide on Amazon. If the link does not work in your country, you can search the title on your local Amazon store.

Speaking Practice

Practice Japanese on italki

If you want to practice this grammar in real conversation, learning with a tutor can help you improve faster. Many learners find that regular speaking practice is the fastest way to become confident in Japanese.

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